Why is My Dog Coughing?

Discovering that your dog is coughing can be concerning for pet owners, as it may indicate underlying health issues that require attention. Labradors in particular, known for their robust health and active lifestyles, can experience coughing due to various factors, including respiratory infections, allergies, heart conditions, or foreign objects lodged in the throat.

Understanding why a dog is coughing is essential for identifying the underlying cause and providing appropriate care and treatment. In this guide, we’ll explore common reasons why dogs may cough, along with practical tips and recommendations for managing coughing episodes and promoting respiratory health.

By gaining insight into the potential causes of coughing, owners can take proactive steps to address their discomfort and ensure their overall well-being.

Reasons Why Dogs Cough

1. Respiratory Infections: Respiratory infections, such as kennel cough (infectious tracheobronchitis) or canine influenza, are common causes of coughing in dogs. These infections are typically caused by viruses or bacteria and can lead to irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract, resulting in a persistent cough.
2. Heartworm Disease: Heartworm disease, caused by the parasitic worm Dirofilaria immitis, can lead to coughing as the worms infest the heart and pulmonary arteries. Coughing in dogs with heartworm disease may occur due to pulmonary inflammation, heart failure, or respiratory distress caused by the presence of adult worms.
3. Allergies: Allergic reactions to environmental allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, or mould, can trigger coughing in dogs. Allergic bronchitis or asthma may manifest as coughing episodes, particularly during allergy seasons or in response to specific triggers in the environment.
4. Tracheal Collapse: Tracheal collapse is a condition characterised by weakening of the tracheal cartilage, leading to narrowing or collapse of the airway. Dogs with tracheal collapse often experience coughing, especially during excitement, exercise, or when pulling on a leash. Small breed dogs, such as Yorkshire Terriers and Chihuahuas, are particularly prone to tracheal collapse.
5. Heart Disease: Cardiovascular conditions such as congestive heart failure or mitral valve disease can cause coughing in dogs due to fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary oedema) or enlargement of the heart (cardiomegaly). Coughing may worsen when the dog is lying down or during exertion.
6. Chronic Bronchitis: Chronic bronchitis is a long-term inflammation of the bronchial tubes, leading to coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. This condition is often seen in older dogs and may be exacerbated by environmental factors such as smoke, pollution, or respiratory irritants.
7. Foreign Body Ingestion: Dogs may accidentally ingest foreign objects, such as grass seeds, small toys, or food particles, which can become lodged in the airway and cause coughing. Persistent coughing, gagging, or retching may indicate the presence of a foreign body in the throat or trachea.
8. Pneumonia: Pneumonia, an inflammation of the lungs typically caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, can lead to coughing, fever, lethargy, and difficulty breathing in dogs. Pneumonia may develop secondary to respiratory infections, aspiration of foreign material, or immune-mediated disorders.
9. Canine Distemper: Canine distemper virus can cause respiratory signs such as coughing, sneezing, and nasal discharge in affected dogs. Distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that can lead to severe respiratory, neurological, and systemic complications if left untreated.
10. Laryngeal Paralysis: Laryngeal paralysis is a condition characterised by dysfunction of the laryngeal muscles, leading to partial or complete obstruction of the airway. Dogs with laryngeal paralysis may exhibit coughing, gagging, and noisy breathing, especially during exercise or excitement.
11. Collapsed Lung (Pneumothorax): Trauma or underlying lung disease can cause air to accumulate in the space between the lungs and the chest wall, resulting in a collapsed lung (pneumothorax). Dogs with pneumothorax may present with coughing, difficulty breathing, and respiratory distress.
12. Canine Cough: Canine cough, also known as “kennel cough” or infectious tracheobronchitis, is a contagious respiratory condition caused by a combination of viruses and bacteria. Dogs with canine cough may experience a dry, hacking cough that worsens with excitement, exercise, or pressure on the trachea.
13. Heart Disease: Heart conditions such as congestive heart failure or dilated cardiomyopathy can lead to coughing in dogs due to fluid accumulation in the lungs or enlargement of the heart. Coughing may occur at rest or during physical exertion and may be accompanied by other signs such as lethargy, exercise intolerance, or respiratory distress.
14. Respiratory Parasites: Parasites such as lungworms (e.g., Angiostrongylus vasorum) or tracheal worms (e.g., Crenosoma vulpis) can infest the respiratory tract of dogs, leading to coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Infected dogs may cough up blood-tinged sputum or exhibit signs of respiratory distress.
15. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), also known as chronic bronchitis or “smoker’s cough,” can occur in dogs exposed to respiratory irritants such as cigarette smoke, dust, or air pollution. Dogs with COPD may develop a chronic, productive cough accompanied by wheezing and difficulty breathing.
16. Inhalation of Irritants: Dogs exposed to smoke, chemical fumes, or airborne pollutants may develop coughing as a result of irritation to the respiratory tract. Inhalation of irritants can lead to inflammation, bronchospasm, and increased mucus production, triggering coughing episodes in affected dogs.
17. Stress or Excitement: In some cases, coughing in dogs may be triggered by stress, excitement, or anxiety. Dogs may develop a “stress-induced” cough during periods of heightened emotional arousal, such as visits to the veterinarian, car rides, or encounters with unfamiliar people or animals.
18. Post-nasal Drip: Dogs with nasal congestion or post-nasal drip due to allergies, sinus infections, or nasal tumours may develop a cough as a result of irritation to the throat and airway. Post-nasal drip can lead to excessive mucus production and throat irritation, prompting coughing in affected dogs.
19. Acid Reflux (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease): Dogs with acid reflux may experience regurgitation of stomach acid and bile into the oesophagus, leading to irritation and inflammation of the throat. Acid reflux can cause coughing, gagging, and discomfort, especially after eating or during periods of rest.
20. Adverse Reactions to Medications: Certain medications, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), may cause coughing as a side effect in some dogs. If your dog develops coughing after starting a new medication, consult your veterinarian for further evaluation and potential adjustments to the treatment regimen.

Tips to Help Your Dog

Here are some home tips which may help alleviate coughing in your dog:

1. Humidifier: Use a humidifier or vaporiser in your home to increase humidity levels, especially during dry weather or in centrally heated homes. Moist air can help soothe your dog’s throat and reduce coughing.
2. Steam Therapy: Create a steamy environment by running a hot shower and allowing your dog to sit in the bathroom for 10-15 minutes. The steam can help loosen mucus and ease respiratory congestion.
3. Cough Suppressants: Consult your veterinarian for recommendations on over-the-counter or natural cough suppressants suitable for dogs. These may include herbal remedies or cough syrups specifically formulated for canine use.
4. Honey: Raw, unpasteurised honey can provide natural relief for coughing in dogs. Offer a small amount of honey as a treat or mix it with warm water to soothe your dog’s throat. Note: Do not give honey to diabetic dogs or those with known allergies to bees or pollen.
5. Elevate Sleeping Area: Raise your dog’s sleeping area slightly to prevent post-nasal drip and reduce coughing, especially if your dog experiences coughing episodes while lying down.
6. Gentle Massage: Massage your dog’s chest and throat area with gentle, circular motions to help loosen mucus and promote drainage. Be gentle and avoid applying too much pressure.
7. Herbal Tea: Brew a mild herbal tea, such as chamomile or licorice root tea, and allow it to cool before offering it to your dog. Chamomile has soothing properties, while licorice root can help relieve inflammation in the throat.
8. Rest and Relaxation: Ensure your dog gets plenty of rest and avoid strenuous activities that may exacerbate coughing. Provide a quiet, comfortable space for your dog to relax and recuperate.
9. Warm Compress: Apply a warm compress or heating pad to your dog’s chest for a few minutes to help relax the muscles and soothe respiratory discomfort. Ensure the compress is warm but not too hot to avoid burns.
10. Hydration: Encourage your dog to drink plenty of fresh water to stay hydrated and help thin out mucus secretions. Offer water frequently throughout the day, and consider adding broth or low-sodium chicken stock to entice your dog to drink.
11. Nutritional Support: Provide a balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants to support your dog’s immune system and overall health. Consider adding supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids or vitamin C, under the guidance of your veterinarian, to promote respiratory health.
12. Eliminate Irritants: Minimise exposure to environmental irritants such as smoke, dust, pollen, or strong chemical odours that may trigger or worsen coughing in your dog. Keep your home clean and well-ventilated to reduce indoor air pollutants.
13. Comfort Measures: Offer comfort and reassurance to your dog during coughing episodes by speaking softly, petting gently, or providing a favourite toy or blanket for comfort.

Conclusion

In conclusion, discovering that a dog is coughing can be concerning for pet owners, but with prompt attention and appropriate care, most cases can be effectively managed.

By identifying the underlying cause of the coughing, whether it be respiratory infections, allergies, heart conditions, or other factors, owners can take appropriate steps to alleviate their dog’s discomfort and promote respiratory health.

Consulting with a veterinarian is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment recommendations tailored to the individual needs of the dog. With proper care and attention, owners can help their Labrador companions recover from coughing episodes and enjoy a happy, healthy life.